Sales ≠ platform revenue.
A retailer sells inventory. A marketplace typically earns fees on someone else’s sale. Compare what each company actually retains.
AN INTERACTIVE TECHBREAKDOWN
You see a buy button. Behind it are stores, software, banks, warehouses and delivery networks. Follow the payment. Follow the parcel. Find the businesses earning along the way.
01 / THE SYSTEM
Pick a stage to meet its companies. Switch to “How they earn” to see the business models behind the buy button.
75 public companies. U.S. listings and ADSs.
Pick a pressure point to see who feels it next.
Follow the card request to the bank, and the order to your door. Settlement and refunds travel back.
02 / FOLLOW THE ECONOMICS
These businesses can all earn from commerce. They earn in different ways—and face different risks.
A retailer sells inventory. A marketplace typically earns fees on someone else’s sale. Compare what each company actually retains.
Card acceptance can bundle the provider’s fee, network charges and interchange paid to the issuer. Visa and Mastercard do not keep interchange.
Picking, packing, delivery and returns compete for the merchant’s margin. Software and automation aim to make those operations more productive.
03 / OUR RESEARCH
Explore our published research on companies featured in this map.
The grocery basket becomes an advertising business.
The marketplace builds payments, delivery and credit.
A banking relationship has to earn more than it costs.
Commerce software is one part of a wider software business.
Apple Pay brings the device ecosystem to checkout. Explore the broader Apple business.
The price of connecting global merchants to local payment methods.
Edition 2026-09-28, published 2026-09-28. Relationships and moat views are dated editorial interpretations. Financial figures retain their own fiscal periods. A line shows an illustrative relationship, not a transaction amount or an assertion that adjacent example companies buy directly from one another.
A qualitative commerce field guide. Company names and roles are sourced; no fee rates, margins, market shares or financial forecasts are asserted. U.S. exchange listings and ADSs are prioritized, with OTC ADRs labeled. Stripe is a private contextual example.